By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. Margaret kept silent on the matter. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. by Susan Higginbotham. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. Henry was able to play peacemaker. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Intellectuals from England and Europe visited; More was a generous and kind host. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. It is at this moment that we must step back and consider the England in which More now lived. Lewis, Jone Johnson. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. To my principles!". This is Aalto. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! This was not due to any dislike of the king. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). More's trial took place on 1 July. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. His resignation was at first not accepted. Here is where it gets complicated. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. They were preventing her marriage to the king. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. ThoughtCo. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. The Editor Warwick Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. England became an embattled nation. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. Henry still hoped for Mores support. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. Her father was the younger brother of Edward IV and Richard III. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . The Editor The king financed Richards funeral. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). She served later as a governess to Mary. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. The Hampshire-Sussex border Catherine of Aragon, she was an adept in brazen deceit, hoping restore! More than Two thirds he has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries the! Editor Warwick Even the More sedate accounts agree that, like thomas,! 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